褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼消化系统发育的组织学观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨佳喆  齐闯  徐善良 《热带海洋学报》2019,38(2):58-66

为探究卵胎生鱼类褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)的仔、稚鱼消化系统组织学特点, 采用常规组织切片技术, 并用HE染色和组织化学染色, 比较分析了产出后0~50d的褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼消化系统发育的组织学变化。结果显示: 褐菖鲉初产仔鱼已分化出口咽腔, 并具有初始的食道、胃、肠、肝脏和胰脏; 2日仔鱼肛门与外界相通, 食道扩大, 开始摄食, 进入混合性营养期; 3~4日仔鱼幽门盲囊出现, 食道内壁出现黏膜皱褶5~6个, 胃黏膜皱褶5个, 肝细胞团区域扩大; 5~6日仔鱼卵黄囊和油球耗尽, 进入外源性营养期, 食道黏膜上皮出现杯状细胞, 肠道弯曲, 可区分前中肠和后肠两部分; 10~14日仔鱼食道环肌层明显, 黏膜皱褶增加到7~12个, 胃壁四层结构基本形成, 肠道黏膜皱褶加深, 纹状缘清晰可见, 肝细胞分裂迅速, 数量显著增加, 体积增大, 出现肝血窦和胰岛; 28~30日稚鱼出现胃腺和胃小凹, 已具功能性胃, 标志着稚鱼期的开始, 此时胰岛细胞数量和酶原颗粒增多, 消化能力显著提高; 47~50日稚鱼已基本具有成鱼胃的特征, 肠道纹状缘发达, 肝细胞呈多边形, 细胞内含大量脂肪颗粒, 消化系统从结构和功能上已趋于完善。由此可见, 褐菖鲉仔鱼和稚鱼消化系统的发育具有卵胎生鱼类发育较早的特点, 与其消化功能的完善密切相关。  相似文献   

Working towards conceptual consistency in discussing “diaspora” and “diaspora strategies”: Ethnicity and affinity in the case of Japan     

《Geoforum》2015

The terms “diaspora” and “diaspora strategies” are both used in inconsistent, and often, conflicting ways. Who encompasses “the diaspora” and what are “diaspora strategies”? What roles do ethnicity and affinity play in conceptualizing relationships between diasporas and homeland governments? This paper extrapolates from programs and organizations that link overseas coethnic and former resident non-coethnic populations to Japan to offer clarity and consistency in usage by bringing together concepts not typically put in conversation with each other and introducing new terms that conceptualize more specific aspects of who we are referring to as “diaspora” and what we are referring to as “diaspora strategies”. Conceptualizations of diaspora often gloss over internal differences, including whether or not people deemed members of a diaspora actually demonstrate a homeland orientation. Focusing on the difference between ethnicity-based and affinity-based definitions of diaspora, I distinguish between three types of diaspora strategies: “diaspora-connecting”, “diaspora-cultivating”, and “diaspora-creating strategies”. Finally, as a way to discuss the potential contributions of both overseas coethnic and non-coethnic populations to a given nation, I conclude by considering Joseph Nye’s notion of “soft power” in relation to diaspora strategies. By engaging these concepts together, the paper highlights the tensions between considering ethnicity and affinity as factors for deciding who to target for diaspora strategies, and demonstrates how diaspora strategies can also target non-coethnics.  相似文献   

Low‐temperature thermochronological database of bedrock in the Japanese Islands     

Shigeru Sueoka  Takahiro Tagami 《Island Arc》2019,28(4)

To provide better access to thermochronological data and understand the long‐term denudation history of the Japanese Islands, we compiled a low‐temperature thermochronological dataset of fission‐track (FT) and (U–Th–Sm)/He (He) ages for apatite and zircon in bedrocks. These thermochronometric ages are compiled from 90 literature sources and 1,096 localities, and include 418 apatite FT ages, 851 zircon FT ages, 42 apatite He ages, and 30 zircon He ages. Many FT ages have been reported previously; however, the number of He ages is limited in the Japanese Islands. The compiled data are spatially biased; for instance, more data are reported for the Chubu and Kinki districts and the Pacific coast of the Shikoku Island, whereas less data were available for the Tohoku and Chugoku districts. For better understanding arc‐scale uplift‐denudation history, further thermochronological research in the lesser‐studied regions and more He thermochronometric measurements are desired. This compilation will be updated and provided on the website of the Fission‐Track Research Group in Japan ( http://ftrgj.org/index.html ).  相似文献   

原油WSF对三种海洋鱼类肝微粒体EROD活性的诱导和恢复的比较     

郑榕辉  张玉生  陈清福 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):60-66

研究了实验室条件下原油水溶性组分(WSF)暴露对黑鲷、黄鳍鲷和褐菖鲉肝微粒体EROD活性的剂量-效应,时间-效应和恢复过程。实验结果表明,在剂量诱导实验中,褐菖鲉肝EROD活性在原油WSF浓度为50 μg/dm³时呈现生物统计学上的显著差异,而黑鲷和黄鳍鲷肝EROD活性在75 μg/dm³时才呈现生物统计学上的显著差异;褐菖鲉肝EROD活性诱导倍数最高,但黑鲷的诱导浓度范围较广。在时间诱导实验中, 在40 μg/dm³原油WSF暴露下黄鳍鲷肝EROD活性在2 d时首先呈现显著差异; 三种鱼肝EROD活性均在第4天达到最高,并呈现显著性变化,此后随着暴露时间的延长而逐渐下降并接近对照组水平。在恢复实验中三种鱼肝EROD活性下降并恢复到对照组水平。研究结果表明:对于石油污染物,黑鲷、黄鳍鲷和褐菖鲉肝EROD活性都可以作为污染生化效应监测指标,然而就三种鱼类比较而言,褐菖鲉最敏感,更适合于作为石油类污染及其生化效应,尤其是低剂量效应的监测生物。  相似文献   

苯并芘对褐菖鲉肝细胞DNA交联的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张景智  陈荣  李东晓 《台湾海峡》2010,29(4):446-451

以褐菖鲉（Sebastiscus marmoratus）为实验材料,设定苯并芘[B（a）P]的注射剂量梯度分别为0.00、0.05、0.50、5.00 mg/kg,分别于实验的第0、3、6天对每一条鱼进行腹腔注射,于第1、4、7天取样,测定胆汁中的B（a）P及其代谢物含量.采用荧光检测法检测B（a）P染毒后褐菖鲉肝细胞DNA-DNA交联（DDC）交联系数的变化,并用KC l-SDS沉淀法检测DNA蛋-白质交联（DPC）交联系数的变化.结果表明：（1）经注射染毒后鱼体胆汁中的B（a）P及其代谢物含量蓄积程度存在着明显的剂量效应和时间效应;（2）B（a）P的注射剂量分别为0.05、0.50 mg/kg时各时间点褐菖鲉肝细胞DDC交联系数均无显著增大（p〉0.05）,在5.00 mg/kg剂量组,随着时间延长DDC交联系数逐渐增大,第4天即有显著差异（p〈0.05）,第7天差异极显著（p〈0.01）;（3）B（a）P诱导DPC的趋势与DDC类似,但0.5 mg/kg剂量组在第7天DPC交联系数即出现显著增大（p〈0.05）.这表明B（a）P对DPC的诱导高于DDC.这为进一步研究B（a）P的遗传毒性提供了依据,并为探讨B（a）P致癌的作用机理提供了新的信息.  相似文献   

Locomotor activity rhythm in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica elvers     

DOU Shuozeng  TSUKAMOTO Katsumi 《海洋学报(英文版)》2007,26(5):76-89

Under artificial LD cycles(6,12,18 L),the elvers of Japanese eel,Anguilla japonica,showed a 24 h cycle of locomotor activity rhythm being most active at light transitions:the eels' activity rose to a primary peak after lights-off,followed by a quiescent period during which they buried into the shelters or lying motionlessly on sand for most of the time,and then reached a secondary peak before lights-on.Elvers could resynchronize their activity rhythm with a new photo cycle within 4 d.Moreover,their activity level at dark phase significantly increased as the light period was prolonged:higher activity levels during shorter dark period.However,the elvers did not display clearly the existence of a circadian rhythm under constant light or dark conditions.The timing of daily activity rhythm evidenced in the Japanese eels may occur through the action of the LD cycles with a weak participation of an endogenous circadian system.In all the LD cycles,over 99% of the activity occurred in the dark phase,indicating that the eels were always nocturnally active no matter what time of day it might be.Under 12 L conditions,the eels' activity level and the time outside sand were significantly elevated both at light and dark phases as temperature increased from 10~15 to 20~25 ℃.The activity rhythm pattern(i.e.,two peaks occurring around light transitions) did not apparently change among temperatures.However,in contrast with the primary activity peaks immediately after lights-off at 20 and 25 ℃,the timing of the primary peaks at 10 and 15 ℃ showed a latency of a few hours following lights-off,indicating the inhibiting effect of low temperature on the eels' activity.  相似文献   

3种鲈形目鱼类精子发生早期的超微结构研究          下载免费PDF全文

石戈  刘雪珠  王健鑫  王日昕 《海洋与湖沼》2007,38(2):163-167

采用透射电镜技术,研究了3种鲈形目鱼类褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus、黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus及平鲷Rhabdosargus sarba(Forskal)精子发生早期精原细胞、初级精母细胞及次级精母细胞的超显微结构变化。结果表明,3种鱼生精细胞形态结构及代谢活动变化主要体现在核的变化、线粒体数目与结构的变化及高尔基体和溶酶体的行为变化。3种鱼核的变化基本一致:细胞核由近圆形或椭圆形转变为多角形;核质逐渐浓缩;核仁从明显结构至完全消失。褐菖鲉精原细胞时期线粒体分布较多,并出现拟染色质与线粒体相粘附;而平鲷与黑鲷精原细胞时期的线粒体分布较少,无拟染色质。3种鱼高尔基体与溶酶体的变化也有相似性。黑鲷的初级精母细胞中还观察到典型的环层状的髓样小体的结构。  相似文献   

苯并[a]芘对雄性褐菖鲉精巢成熟的影响     

张纪亮  郑榕辉  姜永华  刘睿智  王重刚 《台湾海峡》2006,25(3):368-373

本实验采用雄性褐菖鲉作为实验对象,腹腔注射0.5×10-6、1×10-6、5×10-6、10×10-6(m/m)苯并[a]芘,7d后苯并[a]芘处理组精巢睾酮水平和睾酮与17β-雌二醇的比值都有上升,但都未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05).腹腔注射50×10-6(m/m)苯并[a]芘,11d后取出精巢,常规石蜡切片,结果显示雄性褐菖鲉的精巢,精小叶腔和输出管中精子密集程度明显增加,次级精母细胞减少,精巢壁厚度变薄.结果提示,苯并[a]芘对褐菖鲉具有类雄激素效应.  相似文献   

杂交鲆(牙鲆♀×夏鲆♂)胚胎发育的初步观察     

于道德  肖志忠  徐世宏  马道远  李军 《海洋科学》2007,31(2):55-60

通过人工调控促使亲本牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)♀×夏鲆(Paralichthys dentatus)♂的性腺发育,人工干法授精获得杂交受精卵。杂交受精卵在温度为16.5~17.5℃,光照为100~400 lx,微充气条件下孵化。对杂交鲆胚胎发育全过程进行连续观察并与牙鲆及夏鲆的胚胎发育进行比较。结果表明:杂交鲆卵裂方式与其他大部分硬骨鱼类一样,属于盘状卵裂。受精后经过2 h 30 min进入2细胞期,7 h 45 min进入囊胚期,15 h 10 min进入原肠胚阶段,25 h 30 min进入神经胚期,49 h左右进入尾芽期。授精后63 h左右发现初孵仔鱼,68h左右50%的仔鱼孵出。在杂交鲆的胚胎发育中,主要有2个发育特征与母本类似而与父本不同:视囊的出现要早于体节的分化;孵化前,仔鱼在卵膜内环绕卵黄囊不到1周。但是在其孵化时间上却与父本相似。  相似文献   

褐菖鲉网箱养殖试验初报   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

陈舜  肖云朴  伍德瀛  李定海 《海洋科学》2008,32(8):5-8

2001年4月30日在浙江南麂海域3 m×3 m×3 m网箱中放养0.9 g自然海区捕获的褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)苗种,进行为期2年多的养殖试验.结果表明,该鱼生长缓慢,养殖38 d体质量为8.3 g,养殖240 d为24.8 g,养殖787 d为112.3 g.总养殖成活率为20.1%,平均日增体质量0.142 g,平均日增体质量率0.62%.秋末至夏初低水温期是褐菖鲉的主要生长期,在9～13℃较低水温下亦会摄食与生长.饵料系数为3.6.冬春季养殖成活率高于秋夏季,第一年夏季养殖成活率低,仅28.1%.养殖方式以混养为宜.  相似文献